a$)$ Eplain the differences in texture output between gouraud shading, and phong shading of polygons? $(05$ marks$)$

b$)$ In $3$D computer graphics, radiosity is an application of the finite element method to solving the rendering equation for scenes with surfaces that reflect light diffusely.

$1)$ Outline the key ideas behind the radiosity equation for rendering $(05$ marks$)$

$2)$ Explain in which kind of cases Radiosity is most useful? $(05$ marks$)$

Question $3$

a$)$ Using an example, explain the process on of aliasing in the computer graphic pipeline.

$(05$ marks$)$

b$)$ Explain what can happen if an image is resized using the "round to nearest$-$pixel" approach. $(05$ marks$)$ c$)$ State and explain the formula for shrinking an image by a scale of $2.(05$ marks$)$

Question $4$

a$.$write a formula of the reflected ray using snell's law $($ marks$)$

b$.$ Explain how snell's law affects objects with mirage phenomenon $(5$ marks$)$

c$.$ Describe a recursive ray tracing algorithm $(8$ marks$)$

Question $5$

I. Explain how transformation hierarchy to define comptlex objects. $(10$ marks$)$

$2.$ Describe using an example how transforrnation stack can be operated a $2$D environment.

$(05$ marks

Question $6$

$1.$ Write the equation for the Phong illumination model. $(05$ marks$)$

$2.$ Explain what diffuse, specular and ambient terms are. $(05$ marks$)$

$3.$ How "plastic" and "metallic" appearances can be approximated? $(05$ marks$)$