A foundational theory in civil engineering revolves around structural mechanics, materials science, and fluid dynamics. This encompasses understanding how various materials behave under different loads, the principles governing the stability and strength of structures, and the dynamics of fluids in systems like water supply networks and drainage. Moreover, geotechnical engineering principles are essential for analyzing soil behavior and designing foundations. Transportation engineering theories delve into optimizing traffic flow and designing efficient transportation networks. Environmental engineering principles address sustainability, pollution control, and waste management.