Question: a . implementing closed - loop production models, in which every output is either returned to the ecosystem as a nutrient or becomes an input
a implementing closedloop production models, in which every output is either returned to the ecosystem as a nutrient or becomes an input for manufacturing another product.
b considering industrial systems as a comprehensive whole rather than by their individual parts.
c redesigning manufacturing systems in such a way as to reduce consumption of already scarce natural resources.
d using examples from nature to inspire the innovation of alternative, environmentally friendly technologies.
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