a performance management perspective, it is important to consider that unsafe operations in one subsystem can lead to accidents or occurrences at different levels because the different subsystems and their associated operations are largely sequential, relying on specified processes for efficiency and safety (Muecklich et al., 2023). Overall there are many aspects of performance management that can be used in an HRO and by implementing performance management practices, HROs are more likely to maintain the highest levels of safety and reliability in challenging and complex environments. W