A process is to be supplied with glycerol with a specific gravity of 1.26 and viscosity 1.2 N.s m from an open storage tank over a distance of 60 m. A pipe with an internal diameter of 12.6 cm is available, and there is a pump that can develop a pressure of 90 kN m over a wide range of flows. Determine the maximum glycerol delivery rate that can be achieved by using this equipment if laminar flow is to be maintained. Water flows through a pipe section that tapers from an internal diameter of 200 mm down to 100 mm over a distance of 1 m. Determine the pressure drop over the section for a flow of 0.06 ms-1. The friction factor may be assumed to be constant with a value of 0.005. A building requires a volume of 3 ms-1 of fresh air. The air is supplied from a conditioning plant a distance of 120 m away for which the permissible pressure drop along the supply duct is 5 kNm . Determine the required pipe diameter if the variation of friction factor is Reynolds number (Re) Friction factor (f) The air has a density of 1.2 kgm and viscosity of 1.7 ~ 10- Nsm . 104 0.009 2 x 10 0.008 105 106 0.007 0.0069 107 0.0068 A valve manufacturer bench tests a new valve to determine the energy loss as a function of the closure. This involves mounting the valve into a plumbing system and measuring the flow rate through the valve and supplying a flow of water with a constant head of 1.5 m from an overhead tank. The valve is fitted to a horizontal length of smooth-walled pipe with a length of 1.5 m and internal diameter of 20 mm. The water has a density of 1000 kg m- and a viscosity of 0.001 Nsm . From the test data in the following table, calculate the loss factor profile defined in head loss form as u 28 ho = k-