A researcher examined age differences on crossword puzzle performance. Three age groups were compared with 20 participants in each condition: (1) adults between the ages of 20 and 30, (2) adults between the ages of 40 and 50, and (3) adults between the ages of 60 and 70. The researcher reported a significant difference in crossword puzzle performance, F(2, 57) = -3.45, p < .05.

What is wrong with the results of the significance test?

A researcher developed a safety training program to reduce accidents. To determine the effectiveness of the training, 31 employees were randomly assigned to participate in the safety training program while 31 employees were randomly assigned to the control group (no training). After the training program, the researcher collected data on accidents and discovered that the trained employees had an average of 1.4 accidents compared to the mean of 2.2 for the untrained employees. The researcher reported a significant difference, t(60) = -1.57, p < .05.

What is wrong with the results of the significance test?