A sales manager has implemented a program for his salespeople that involves a meeting with each salesperson, during which the sales manager gives the salesperson the yearly quota for the salesperson's territory. The sales manager has missed the key concept in management by objectives, which is

a$)$ mutual goal setting between the sales manager and the salesperson

b$)$ documentation of the sales quota in the salesperson's personnel file

c$)$ reducing the paperwork involved in the MBO process

d$)$ a mutual understanding of the punishment to be given if the salesperson does not meet the goal set by the sales manager

e$)$ ensuring that the economy can support the sales quota assigned