A stirred-tank fermentation reactor has height 2 m, diameter 1.5 m, and is filled with a fermen- tation broth that can be assumed to have the physical properties of water. The fermenter must be must be maintained at a temperature less than 42 °C to prevent damage to the cell culture. After allowing for sensible heat losses to the cold feed, the heat that mnust be removed from the fermenter is 80 kW. Cooling water is available at 20 °C and can be returned at any tem- perature up to 35 °C. Recommend a design for cooling the contents of the fermenter.

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