A student told me that he didn't think my example about pushing students down the stairs in the torts lecture was realistic, so I pushed him down the stairs. He was mildly injured in the resulting fall, but stood up and told me that it was fine-he understood that he deserved to be pushed down the stairs, and he would not turn me in, because I was right to do it. Was I the actual cause of his injury? Was I the proximate cause of his injury? Neither, because he ratified the injury Yes as to both XO I was the actual but not the proximate cause of his injury I was the proximate but not the actual cause of his injury