(a) This part is NOT enough, add more to it 2.0 Literature Review: The private technical vacational education sector plays a crucial role in providing skill-based training and education to meet the demands of the labor market. This sector faces various challenges that hinder its effectiveness and hinder the development of a skilled workforce. This literature review aims to explore the challenges confronting private technical vocational education in selected schools in the Awutu Senva East Municipality. By examining existing studies and research, this review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issues and factors influencing these challenges. (b) This part is NOT enough, add more to it, and Provide the source. 2.1 Overview of Private Technical Vocational Education: Private technical vocational education refers to educational institutions that offer vocational training programs and courses in various technical fields. These institutions are privately owned and operated, with a focus on equipping students with practical skills and knowledge to prepare them for specific careers. Private technical vocational education is ofen seen as an altemative to traditional academic education, catering to individuals who seek specific technical shills and practical training for immediate employment opportunities. (c) Provide the sources of your information under section 2.2 below; 2.2 Challenges Facing Private Technical Vocational Education: Private technical vocational education faces several challenges that affect its quality and effectiveness. 1. Insufficient Funding: Private vocational schools often struggle with limited financial resoures, which can impact the quality of infrastructure, instructional materials, and faculty recruitment and training. 2. Inadequate Infrastructure: The availability of proper infrastructure, such as well-equipped workshops and laboratories, is crucial for technical vocational education. Private institutions may face challenges in providing and maintaining the necessary facilities. 3. Limited Industry Linkages: Strong collaborations with industries are essential for private technical vocational education to ensure that the curriculum aligns with industry needs and / provides relevant skills. Establishing and maintaining industry partnerships can be a challenge for private institutions. 4. Inadequately Qualified Instructors: Private technical vocational schools may face difficulties in recruiting and retaining qualified instructors who possess both industry experience and teaching expertise. 5. Perception and Social Bias: Vocational education is sometimes stigmatized in society, with a prevailing bias towards traditional academic pathwavs. This perception can lead to a lack of interest from students and parents, affecting enrollment rates and overall support for private technical vocational education