$($a$)"$To effectively cope with the demands of diversifying and expanding responsibilities, as a manager moves up in hierarchy of the managerial positions the manager needs to update his managerial skills to do justice with the changing managerial roles in an organizational set up$".$ Elaborate this statement and briefly discuss the two underlying concepts with examples.

$[20$ marks$]$

$($b$)$ How would you tell if the manager is effective and efficient?

$[5$ marks$]$