A uPVC drip irrigation system manifold, $45$ m long, on a dead level contour is to be designed to carry $12$ drip laterals equidistantly spaced with each drip lateral irrigating $30$ trees, each tree irrigated by $4$ drippers, each dripper discharging $3\mathrm{.}5$ l$/$hr$.$ For uniformity purposes in the designed system, the head loss in the manifold should not exceed $1\mathrm{.}10$ m$.$ What should the manifold diameter $($mm$)$ theoretical and practical $$ be in order to meet the above design requirement, using the: a$)$ general exponential friction equation. b$)$ appropriate friction head loss charts.