A vertically integrated information system may perform which of the following?

analyze data for long$-$term trends for use by top managers $($acting as an executive information system$)$

capture the initial sales data and produce invoices $($acting as a transaction processing system$)$

summarize these data on a weekly basis for use by middle managers in tracking slow$-$ and fast$-$selling items as well as productive and unproductive salespeople $($acting as a decision support system$)$

all of the above