a$)$ When compound $5$ is treated with ethanol it forms a carbocation. Draw the carbocation that would be

formed and the best resonance structure of carbocation.

b$)$ Below are different conditions that can be used for an $S_{N}1$ mechanism. In each pair circle the molecule that

would provide a faster $S_{N}1.$ If they are equal rates, circle both.

c$)$ concentration

increase concentration

of base

increase concentration

of electrophile