According to your text book "Programming Languages Principles and Paradigms 2nd Edition", the while loop test from the program in Figure 7.2 on page 161 is free of side effects. However, it could be argued that it has side effects indirectly in that lines of code in the body of the loop will be executed or not depending on the outcome of the test. Therefore, it has an impact on the change of state of the variables within the loop. It could also be argued that there is a more direct side effect of the while loop test. The loop continues to repeat as long as the condition tests true. When the Boolean value changes to false, the loop stops. Isnt it a side effect that the value changes from true to false?