Acid-base balance is essential for normal cellular function. Even slight shifts in pH can disrupt enzyme activity, oxygen transport, and electrolyte balance. Nurses must quickly recognize imbalances, interpret lab results like arterial blood gases (ABGs), and distinguish between respiratory and metabolic causes. This week, we'll examine a patient case, interpret ABGs, and discuss how the bodyand the care teamresponds to acid-base disturbances.

Case Study: "I Can't Catch My Breath"

Patient:Mr. Langston, 66 years old

Setting:Emergency Department

Chief Complaint:Shortness of breath and increasing confusion

History:COPD, 2-pack-per-day smoker for 40 years

Vital Signs:RR 10, HR 96, BP 134/84, O2 Sat 87% on room air

Labs:

• pH: 7.29
• PaCO: 58 mmHg
• HCO: 26 mEq/L (normal)
• PaO: 62 mmHg

Discussion Prompt

Mr. Langston is experiencing an acid-base imbalance related to his chronic respiratory condition.

Chooseonecategory below for your initial post and answer both questions:

1.Understanding Acid-Base Balance

• Why is maintaining a normal pH crucial for health, and how do lungs and kidneys regulate it?
• What does Mr. Langston's ABG tell you about his acid-base status?

2.Interpreting ABGs and Lab Values

• How would you classify this imbalance (metabolic vs. respiratory, acidosis vs. alkalosis)?
• Based on his labs, what compensatory mechanisms are (or are not) present?

3.Nursing Interventions & Monitoring

• What priority nursing actions should be initiated based on this ABG interpretation?
• How would you monitor Mr. Langston's status and prevent further complications?