Activity 1: Create a Set of Master Notes DIRECTIONS Here you will strengthen your memory by creating a set of master notes that combine class and reading notes. Effective master notes: Combine the main points and key supporting details that you identified from the reading, class notes, and other course materials. Help you remember the material because you've interacted with it and found new, meaningful connections. Become a usable study tool that's simpler to review. STEP 1. Read this annotated excerpt from a History textbook . THE START OF WORLD WAR I Annotated Excerpt from History Text The Unofficial Beginning: On June 28, 1914, a young Serbian, Gavrilo Princip, shot and killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary . Princip was armed and trained by a Serbian terrorist group known as the Black Hand. Due to disputes caused by the Bosnian crisis of 1908 and the Balkan Wars of 19121913, severe tension and distrust existed between the Austrian-Hungarians and the Serbians. In fact, many Austrian-Hungarians believed the Serbian government was involved in the assassination. The Austrian-Hungarian Reactions: To those in Austro-Hungary who had wanted to solve its problems with Serbia militarily, this incident provided the opportunity. After officials from Austria and Hungary disagreed on what action to take, Count von Leopold von Berchtold, the Austro-Hungarian foreign minister, sought counsel from Germany, his governments ally. The German emperor, Kaiser Wilhelm II, and Chancellor Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg pledged German support for an attack on Serbia without seeking the advice and analysis of the military or diplomatic advisers, hoping the conflict would remain localized, but knowing they risked igniting a broader conflict, especially with Russias ties to Serbia. They hoped the Austrians would strike quickly while European outrage against the assassination was fresh. However, the Austrians were slow to act, waiting until July 23, 1914 to deliver an ultimatum to Serbia. The Serbian response was so conciliatory that international public sentiment became more neutral. But, the AustrianHungarian offensive proceeded. On July 28, they declared war on Serbia. The Triple Ententes Reactions: The Triple Entente, an informal prewar alliance among Russia, France, and Britain, finalized in 1907, acted as a counterbalance to the Triple Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. These tangled alliances affected what happened next. The Russians reacted angrily to the Austro-Hungarian offensive against Serbia. On July 30, Austria ordered mobilization against Russia and on July 31, the Russians mobilized troops in response, hoping to deter the attack against Serbia. The Germans then declared war against Russia on August 1. Although France and Britain did not want to get entangled in war, the French pledged support for Russia. In response, Germany declared war on France on August 3 and against neutral Belgium on August 4. The Belgium invasion tipped British public sentiment away from neutrality and towards war against the Germans. Britain , which had a defense agreement with Belgium, declared war on Germany on August 4 . The Great War had started. STEP 2. Review the class notes from your history class. History 101: WWI Notes History 101: WWI Road to War Sept 29, 20XX Unofficial Start of WWI (Great War) = June 28, 1914, assassination archduke of Austria, Franz Ferdinand, Habsburg heir. Serbian teen kills him, member of Black Hand terrorist group. Spends war in prison, dies of tuberculosis. Why did this set off chain of events? Austria-Hungary (A-H) and Serbia disagree over territory issues => distrust, so A-H blames Serb govt for assassination. A-H wants to invade Serbia, but worried about Russia, w/ ties to Serbia. Russias army huge, but poor. So..A-H gets help from Germany. Kaiser Wilhelm II thinks Russia wont respond b/c unprepared. Plus, Russian Tsar Nicholas II is his cousin. Kaiser pledges that if Russia advances on AH, Germany will aid A-H. Austria attacks Serbia. Then, Russia mobilizes on __________. In response, Germany mobilizes. In early August Germany declares war on Russia Germany then declares war on France and invades neutral country. (Belgium) So..England declares war on Germany Why this spark becomes a fire? Tangled Triple Treaties and deals. ????? The first month in the west, After Germany attacks Belgium, it attacks France. In the east, Russia attacks Germany and Austria-Hungary. In the south, Austria-Hungary attacks Serbia. STEP 3. Combine the notes into one set, being sure to include the main ideas and themes from the notes and reading. STEP 4. Follow your instructor's directions for submitting your master notes.