After completing this week's readings, review the below case study and and answer the presented questions.  Patient X died after suffering a heart attack.  Although the patient had recently visited her primary physician and presented symptoms of cardiac symptoms including a family history of cardiac trouble.  Her primary care physician did not refer her to a cardiologist.  The patient's family sued the HMO (health maintenance organization) for failing to disclose the financial incentive system it provided to physicians to minimize referrals to specialists including a cardiologist.

Analyze whether the family has a legitimate claim against the HMO and the primary care physician. Explain the supporting evidence as well as precedent case law to support your conclusions.