An instance of a 'tipping point' occurrence anticipated by complex systems research is the European sovereign debt crisis that started in 2009. The crisis was precipitated by a confluence of intricate elements, like as the worldwide economic downturn, hazardous lending practices, and fiscal policy choices. Complex systems research foresaw this tragedy by recognizing the intricate connections and interdependencies of global financial networks, which may result in a chain reaction when one component of the system collapses