Another measurement tool is Economic value added $($EVA$)$; a measure of shareholder value is being increasingly touted as an improvement over traditional measures, based on the assumption that the stock market is the ultimate decider of corporate performance, an emphasis on this measure forces management to especially monitor all forces that can affect stock price and dividend rate. In the long run, this may be an excellent measure, but it is hard to see how it is an improvement over ROI $($if ROI is used in a long$-$term manner$)$ other than its relationship to stock price $($Chen$,2022).$ Like the traditional measures, shareholder value can be manipulated in the short run by following a profit strategy or by manipulating the buying and selling of stock. Another limitation is this measure's concern with only one aspect of the task environment $-$ the shareholder. The conclusion seems clear. There is no one best measure or group of measures. The key is to use those measures which have the most value to those most affected by corporate performance and to keep them in perspective by understanding their advantages and limitations$.$

What are your thoughts?