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NAME: NAME: RTMAN [ ] ethical problems due to enrolling more participants than is necessary to detect (42) Increasing sample size increases statistical power because: a clinically meaningful difference [ ] it decreases variance [ ] both (48) A study is conducted to assess the effectiveness of a community-based program for for [ ] it increases variance reducing cardiovascular heart disease risks. The program consists of concentrated radio, TV and newspaper campaigns promoting smoking cessation, increased exercise, and a [ ] statistical power is not related to sample size . Isgollone-2 2010 1 no buena (er) heart-healthy diet. Through their elected officials, four communities express a willingness elles lo meanavilasilo to participate in the study. The four communities are matched as two pairs on demographics, including size, age structure of population, median income, real estate A randomized smoking cessation trial is conducted among heavy smokers attending values, and race/ethnicity. One of each of the pairs of towns is randomly chosen to cardio-vascular risk reduction clinic for patients who have had an MI. Four hundred receive the program. The other two towns do not receive the program. The towns were a participants are assigned to receive either (1) physician advice to quit smoking (Group 1) minimum of 100 miles apart and did not share media companies. Random samples of the or (2) a group program, similar to Alcoholics Anonymous that involved nightly meetings towns' populations were selected for pre-test and two-year posttest measures of and mentoring by a former smoker (Group 2). At 6-month follow-up, there was a 90% follow-up rate for Group 1, and of those followed, 10% had quit smoking. There was 65% follow-up rate for Group 2 and of those followed, 21.5% had quit smoking. The cardiovascular risk factors. differences in quit rates between the two groups was statistically significant (chi sq = This is an example of what kind of study design: 7.95, p<.01 and the group intervention was considered more effective than intervention. randomized controlled trial a prospective cohort what threat to validity might have affected this study lot pre- posttest quasi experiment randomizing at level of individual will control for which following would drive results towards or away from null hypothesis d aoles10 inglasb svado is but yields masumib deist threats contamination could interpretation confounded attrition yes selection process developing measure concept such as no when performing power calculation overestimating effect size invites type error example of: operationalization evaluation twel danal neither in conducting underestimating can result powering detect difference that not clinically meaningful>