Apples Product Development Process Inside the Worlds Greatest Design Organization Apples Product Development Process may be one of the most successful design processes ever implemented. With the company verging on becoming the worlds first $1 trillion business organization theres a lot that designers can learn from Apple and introduce into their own design environments. Apple is a notoriously secretive business. In Steve Jobs time at the company it would have been near impossible to find out about the internal workings of the business. This isnt surprising when a businesss market advantage is its design approach. Its worth keeping it under wraps. However, Adam Lashinsky, the author of Inside Apple: How Americas most Admired and Secretive Company Really Works has been given a look at the process. While there are still aspects of the way that Apple works that are shrouded in secrecy you can get a good idea of the overall high level process.

Apples Product Development Process Design is at the Forefront

How do you give designers the freedom to design and ensure that the products they produce fulfil their visions? Well at Apple they put design at the forefront. Jony Ive the British designer that is the Chief Design Officer (CDO) at Apple and his design team lead the company and they do not report to finance, manufacturing, etc. They are given free rein to set their own budgets and are given the ability to ignore manufacturing practicalities. At the heart of the design department is the Industrial Design Studio where only a select few Apple employees have access. Its a simple concept that allows for the creation of incredible products.

Design Teams are Separated From the Larger Company When a design team works on a new product they are then cut off from the rest of the Apple business. They may even implement physical controls to prevent the team from interacting with other Apple employees during the day. The team is also removed from the traditional Apple hierarchy at this point. They create their own reporting structures and report directly to the executive team. This leaves them free to focus on design rather than day-to-day minutiae.

A Documented Development Process The Apple New Product Process (ANPP) information is given to a product development team when they begin work. It details every stage of the design process and it goes into elaborate detail. The idea is to define what stages the product creation team will go through, who will be responsible for delivering the final product, who works on which stage and where they work and also when the product is expected to be completed.

Monday is Review Day The Apple Executive Team holds a regular Monday meeting to examine every single product that the company has in design phase at that point in time. This isnt as daunting as it may sound; one of the keys to Apples success is that they dont work on hundreds of new products at once. Instead, resources are concentrated on a handful of projects that are expected to bear fruit rather than being diluted over many lesser projects. If a product cannot be reviewed at one meeting its automatically at the top of the agenda for the next meeting. In practice, this should mean that every single Apple product is inspected by the executive team at least once a fortnight. This keeps delays in decision making to a minimum and enables the company to be very lean with its approach to design.

The EPM and the GSM The EPM is the engineering program manager and the GSM is the global supply manager. Together they are known within Apple as the EPM Mafia. Its their job to take over when a product moves from design to production. As you might expect, these people are usually going to be found in China, Apple does very little of its own manufacturing. Instead it relies on contract outsourcing companies like Foxconn (one of the largest employers in the world) to do this for them. This removes much of the headache of manufacturing for Apple whilst keeping production costs as low as possible. There is a significant market advantage to this approach and its one that many other electronics manufacturers are emulating now. The EPM Mafia may sound scary (and they probably are to the suppliers) but their real job is simply to ensure that products are delivered to market in the right way, at the right time and at the right cost. They may disagree at points but their guiding principle is to act in the interests of the product at all times.

Iteration Is Key Like any good design company, the design process at Apple is not over when manufacturing begins. In fact, Apple iterates the design throughout manufacturing. The product is built, its tested and reviewed, then the design team improves on it and its built all over again. These cycles take 4-6 weeks at a time and may be run many times over a products development lifecycle. When production is complete the EPM will take possession of some or all of the test devices and then take them back to Apples headquarters at Cupertino. This is a very costly approach but its one of the reasons that Apple has a reputation for quality. The more you invest in design, the more likely you are to build incredible market changing products. Its the process that the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad went through.

The Packaging Room This is a very-high security area in Apple and its where prototypes are unboxed. As you might expect, the security is to prevent leaks to the outside world. If you ever do see a leaked prototype for an Apple product it wont have come from here. Its more likely to have vanished from a production line in China.

A Launch Plan The final step in Apples product development is product launch. When the product isconsidered to be as good as it can be it enters an action plan known as the Rules of the Road. This explains all the responsibilities and actions that must be taken prior to a commercial launch of the product. It must be a nerve-wracking experience to be privy to the Rules of the Road because if you lose it or leak it youre immediately fired. This is explained in the document itself.

Discussion Questions: 1. Why Apples Product Development Process is considered to be most successful design processes? 2. What are Apples successful factors that other companies may learn from?