Apply the VRIO Framework in the following settings. Will the actions described be a source of competitive disadvantage, parity, temporary advantage, or sustained competitive advantage?

1.Prctor and Gamble introduces new smaller packaging for its laundry detergent.

2.Microsoft makes it easier to transfer data and information from Microsoft Word to Microsoft Excel

3.American Airlines announces a 5% across-the-board reduction in airfares.

4.Ford patents a new kind of brake pad for its cars