are normally crafted by operating$-$level managers who head key functional units $($plants$,$ distribution centers, geographic units$).$

concern the relatively narrow strategic initiatives and approaches for managing specific operating units $($plants$,$ distribution centers, geographic units$)$ and operating activities with strategic significance for the company as a whole.

are normally crafted by the head of the business, in close consultation with the managers of key operating units $($plants$,$ distribution centers, geographic divisions$).$

concern the actions, approaches, and practices to be employedin managing particular functions or business processes or key activities within a business.

concern the actions and approaches managers plan to take to unify the firm's several different operating strategies into a cohesive and well$-$functioning whole.