As a general rule, a substance whose pay surpasses its consumption can loan or contribute the overabundance, planning to procure a fair return. Correspondingly, a substance where pay is not as much as use can bring capital normally up in one of two different ways: (1) by acquiring as an advance (private people), or by selling government or corporate securities; (ii) by a company selling value, additionally called stock or offers (which might take different structures: favored stock or normal stock). The proprietors of the two securities and stock might be institutional financial backers - monetary establishments, for example, speculation banks and benefits reserves - or private people, called private financial backers or retail financial backers