As a rule, an element whose pay surpasses its use can loan or contribute the overabundance, expecting to procure a fair return. Correspondingly, a substance where pay is not as much as consumption can bring capital generally up in one of two different ways: (I) by getting as a credit (confidential people), or by selling government or corporate securities; (ii) by a company selling value, likewise called stock or offers (which might take different structures: favored stock or normal stock). The proprietors of the two securities and stock might be institutional financial backers - monetary establishments, for example, speculation banks and annuity reserves - or confidential people, called private financial backers or retail financial backers