As a thermodynamics engineer, your task is to create a system that consistently produces $40$ kJ of work when

heated for an extended period. Your engineering firm has provided the following specifications for the system:

The system must consist of a piston$-$cylinder device with a constant mass.

You can introduce any additional components within the piston$-$cylinder system, such as stops or springs.

The system will be subjected to a pressure determined by the surroundings $($you can select the pressure

outside the system$).$

The fluid used in the system must be water, and you can choose the mass of water to be used.

Regardless of the initial and final temperatures, the system must consistently output $40$ kJ of work when

heated.

You face a challenge due to the varying starting and final temperatures of the system, which are influenced by

external conditions. The temperature ranges are as follows:

Starting temperature: $20$ to $40C$ Final temperature: $200$ to $240C$

To design your system and ensure a constant work output of $40$ kJ $,$ you need to determine the initial,

intermediate, and final properties or states required. These include the mass of the fluid, volumes, pressures, and

temperatures.

Furthermore, you need to demonstrate that the work done by the system is always $40$ kJ $,$ regardless of the initial

and final temperatures. You can achieve this by creating a pressure$-$volume $($PV$)$ diagram of the heating process,

illustrating the system's behavior.

Hint: Think about how you can measure $($and restrict$)$ the same work $(40$kJ$)$ every time you heat the system

with different start and end temperatures. Use your study problems as inspiration, they might help you in

figuring out how to do this.