As this week's readings emphasize, summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting are essential techniques for working with sources in academic writing. Mastering these techniques will not only help you avoid plagiarism but also generate stronger writing for research papers and many other kinds of writing.

For this concept worksheet, return to any discussion from a previous week in this class and find 2 posts from other learners that you admire or appreciate. Feel free to choose posts from a couple different past discussions

In a document, provide the following:

1. 1. The original post, followed by a full APA reference for the post. (See the tip below for how to do this.)
   2. A short paragraph about the post that includes a summary, paraphrase, and quotation of the original.

Repeat the above for the 2nd post you chose.

Finally, write a paragraph evaluating the process of creating your summaries, paraphrases, and quotations.

• Which is one of these is easiest for you? Why?
• Which is most challenging? Why?
• Which of these techniques do you think you'll use most frequently in your Persuasive Research Paper for this class?

Tips for this assignment:

• APA in-text citations are always required for summaries, paraphrases, and quotations in formal writing. Next week we will study these in detail. This week, do your best to use correct APA in-text citations using the link above as a guide.
• Here's how to create a full APA Reference for an online discussion post:
• Lastname, F. [username]. (Year, Month Date). Title of post [Online forum post]. Publisher. URL
• Post with no title should be titled Untitled post.
• For the publisher, use Nightingale College.

Post 1: April Smith

May 28, 2024

After reading the different types of bias, I think the one that resonates with me is participation in research. I think this one has such a wide range as far as location, diagnosis, and age. If a study was done with a population from Kansas about farming, but it was disclosed as farmers in general, you would not be accurately relaying information. You have farmers all over the country with different weather, different obstacles, different crops, so you would need to specify to your audience. In a blog about participant bias from QuestionPro.com, the above example would be a "sampling bias - when the group of participants does not represent the larger population accurately." You would have an overrepresentation of Kansas farmers and none from other areas. Their information might not still apply to other farmers in other locations.

This type of bias is important to keep in mind when writing research papers. If you have a hypothesis for something, you have to get an accurate sample of a population. For the farmers, you would want to get information from mid-western farmers, west coast farmers, northern farmers, etc. so that you are getting information from all parties and can compare. We also want to keep in mind the people we are speaking of in our research. This is also important to the readers to make sure we are reaching our target audience. If you are a farmer, this information would possibly pertain to you or your own farm. If you are a college student majoring in interpretive dance, you probably have no use for this article. We also want to be mindful of how we refer to our subjects. Calling out a specific diagnosis such as "manic depressant" isn't as kind as saying "people with bipolar disorder". Some words have evolved and adjusted over time to be more politically correct.

It is important to know who were are speaking to and how they prefer to be addressed because this creates trust, or breaks it, in the relationship between provider and patient. I feel that one major challenge to the guidelines is that someone will always be offended no matter what. You will never please 100% of anyone. We will always try to do our best to ensure thoughtfulness and consideration to each and every person. We do not have control of how others will take it, but we can assure no ill will and just try as best we can.

Post 2:

Richard Bailey III

May 22, 2024

Manage Discussion Entry

Experts, technicians, executives and nonspecialists, these types of audiences have unique characteristics. Experts are people who really know their stuff, they are the ones that know as well as understand everything there is to know. Experts in healthcare are the doctors, while the patients are the subjects. Doctors have extensive knowledge paired with training in the medical field that lead them to not only diagnose hundreds of diseases but create a treatment plan based on their expert knowledge. Technicians are the people who build, operate and maintain what the experts design. Technicians carry the practical knowledge that puts the experts plans in motion, nurses in the healthcare setting are the technicians. Always understanding what the experts plan is but knowing what the practical applications of the experts are, in this case the doctors plans. Executives are the business, economic, administrative, legal, governmental, and/or political decisions based on what the expert and technicians work with. In healthcare executives are managers. They oversee the policies, hiring, and overall flow of how the hospital works on paper but have little to no knowledge on the patients but understand how the hospital runs. Nonspecialists, they are the interested ones. They are interested in how or why something is going to work for them, if they agree or disagree with it, and for no practical reason, they want to know more, in healthcare, patients are the nonspecialists.

For nurses, I truly believe that the easiest of these audiences to commincate with are the other technicians. Other technicians may not just be nurses in the healthcare setting but when it comes to understanding the goals and outcomes for diagnosing and treating patients based off the plan of the experts or the doctors. Other technitians understand the plan of experts better than anyone, allowing communication and work to flow with ease, making the overall goal of healing patients that much more fluent. On the other hand, the more difficult ones to communicate with are the executives. Executives operate on the outside, they have a general sense of how things work but not when it comes to how the healthcare system works on the inside works, making communication on patient care difficult.

Communication isnt always easy, especially when someones life is at stake. Communication between experts and technicians might be the most important communication relationship to be had with the healthcare field. With that being said, when it comes to speaking with the experts or the doctors, it helps to have a effective and clear sharing of information. Doctors and nurses share important patient details, both should listen actively to each other's input and use it in order to help coordinate care that leads patients into a healthy and happy life.