Assume that there are multiple transport$-$layer flows on that are arrive at a overload link $($you can think that several connections arrive at router with an overloaded link$).$ Let's assume that all but one of the transport$-$layer flows use TCP with a modern congestion control. There is one flow, however, that does not reduce its sending rate in response to congestion, i$.$e$.,$ it does not apply TCP$\text{'}$s congestion control.

What happens to this one flow on this link, in the above$-$described case?

a$.$ The packets of this one different connection will be preferentially dropped at a higher likelihood.

b$.$ Nothing special compared to other connections. It will be treated in the same way.

c$.$ The router starts to randomly drop $\backslash (50\backslash \%\backslash )$ of the packets that are part of this special flow.

d$.$ The router signals the TCP sender of the flow that it must reduce its transmission rate by $\backslash (50\backslash \%\backslash )$

e$.$ The router signals the TCP sender of the flow that it must reduce its transmission rate by $\backslash (25\backslash \%\backslash )$