Based on the American "constitution," which internal and external stakeholders, in the policy making process, possess "constitutional legitimacy" for their role in making public policy? Do entities with explicit power have more influence than those entities with implied powers in making public policy? Should they? Why or why not? The external stakeholders would be "We the People, " the citizens who inuence the policy making process through voting, running for office, donating, and other ways of external inuencing. Internal Stakeholders: " Internal stakeholders are the stakeholders that can be directly managed by their own organization hierarchy. " There are organizational boundaries that has been drawn around all groups and individuals on which only managers can directly supervise. " Internal stakeholders are managed by public administration hierarchy. External stakeholders: " External stakeholders include employees, citizens, product providers, non-profit organizations and advocacy groups. ' Stakeholders that has political power can inuence outcomes and events that has direct impact on organization. " External stakeholders do not directly contract with government. The Constitution of the United States, for the most part, does not comment on the areas of public administration and management (Wakovich & Gordon, 2011). On the other hand, it does lay out the process by which public policy is made and implemented. The internal stakeholders would be the legislative, executive, and judicial branch; with the legislative branch (Congress/state legislators} making the laws, the executive branch (the Presidentlgovernors) enforcing the laws, and the judicial branch (the Supreme Court/other courts) interprets the laws and how they align with the Founder's intent in the Constitution. I believe that those entities with implied powers have greater sway in the process of making public policy than those with explicit powers. Yes entities with explicit power have more inuence than those entities with implied powers in making public policy as they have the final authority to decide the policy, while most of the entities with implied power are for suggestion, consultation and advice. It has both advantages and disadvantages. Advantage because too much of involment of many parties would distort the policy and every group has its own interest and disadvantage is that policy maker might have different agenda other than public benet while making the policy so people with implied power keep that intentions in check