Based on the book, The Forest Ranger: A Study in Administrative Behavior by Herbert Kaufman

* Rate the U.S. Forest Service 1 - 10, 1 being pure Theory X and 10 being pure Theory Y.

* Use the book to present evidence to support the number rating

McGregor's Theory X vs. Theory Y Approaches to Management

Theory X

Theory Y

People are typically lazy and need to be directed to pursue organizational goals. Emphasis on: * Material rewards and punishment * Management control systems & tactics (e.g., standard operating procedures, performance measurement systems, pay-for-performance schemes) * Command and Control Approach to supervision * Centralized decision structures (limited grants of authority to workers) * Statistical Data on Performance reviewed by upper Management/Leadership on an organization-wide, section/work unit, & individual work basis * Top-down goal-setting

People typically want to do well and will do so if encouraged to do so. Emphasis on: * Meaningful work & opportunities to self-actualize. * Reduced reliance on management control systems and tactics. * Role of Leadership/management should be one of teacher and consultant; collegial & rarely pushy boss * Decentralized decision structures (broad grants of authority to workers closest to the work situation). * Statistical Data on performance reviewed by upper management/leadership on an organization/bureau-wide basis * self-managing work teams (including setting own goals)