Because emerging markets have underdeveloped infrastructure:

1. R&D efforts are centered in these markets to generate new ideas
2. They do not have to overcome legacy technology and can leapfrog it
3. Distribution channels will be easier to set up
4. They cannot afford the best products from MNCs (WRONG)

Hindustan Unilever pursued the following strategy to expand its market share in India.

1. Supported a brand portfolio to cover a wide range of segments
2. Concentrated on the urban population for sales
3. Focused its efforts on the BOP masses
4. Retained the low unit price concept only for shampoo (WRONG)

There are many reasons why a company might prefer to be a follower in a new market, not a first entrant. Which of these is not one of those reasons?

1. Better developed marketing channels
2. Reduced profits because the market is already gone
3. Fewer pitfalls as the follower can see the mistakes of the first mover (WRONG)
4. Competitive response from other MNCs and local competitors

Backward innovation offers

1. A stripped-down version of the product that is sold in developed markets
2. Reverse engineering to copy competitors(WRONG)
3. Copies of low-price competitor products for an emerging market
4. Use of older tech to produce a lower price product

Probably the least effective product design option is:

1. No adaptation- sell what we already make
2. To sell a stripped-down version of a normal good
3. To sell our normal products at a premium price (WRONG)
4. To extend the product life cycle by selling obsolete goods abroad

A package characteristic with perhaps greater significance in emerging markets than developed countries is___.

1. Sustainability
2. Variety of sizes (WRONG)
3. Safety
4. Refrigeration