Below is the Arduino code which is working as assigned. Button $1$ is attached to Pin $4.$ Button $1($Pin $4)$ when pressed is clearing the LCD and resetting the counter to zero. Button $2$ is attached to Pin $5.$ Button $2($Pin $5)$ when held down is incrementing the LCD counter continuously by $1($it is inside a while loop$).$ Within the code, both pin $4$ & $5$ digital reads are set to $==$HIGH, instead of LOW. This was necessary to achieve the desired output given the wiring and circuit board. However, this appears to be backwards, as the pressing the buttons should pull the input resistor to ground and creating a LOW state. Why would the code work as assigned if the button digital reads are set to $==$HIGH instead of LOW? Thank you, code follows.....

#include

$//$ Define LCD pins

LiquidCrystal lcd$(13,12,11,10,9,8)$;

$//$ Global counter variable

int counter $=0$;

void setup$()\{$

$//$ Set up LCD

lcd.begin$(16,2)$;

lcd.clear$()$;

counter $=0$;

$//$ Set up button pins with pull$-$up resistors

pinMode$(4,$ INPUT$\_$PULLUP$)$; $//$ Button $1$

pinMode$(5,$ INPUT$\_$PULLUP$)$; $//$ Button $2$

$\}$

void loop$()\{$

$//$ Check if button one is pushed

while $($digitalRead$(4)==$ HIGH$)\{$

$//$ Clear LCD and reset counter

lcd.clear$()$;

delay$(500)$;

lcd.setCursor$(0,1)$;

lcd.print$("$Counter: $0")$;

counter $=0$;

$\}$

$//$ Check if button two is pushed

while $($digitalRead$(5)==$ HIGH$)\{$

$//$ Increment counter

counter$++$;

$//$ Write counter value to LCD

lcd.setCursor$(0,1)$;

lcd.print$("$Counter: $"+$ String$($counter$))$;

delay$(500)$; $//$ Add a delay to avoid rapid counting due to button bouncing

$\}$

$\}$