Brief Exercise 13-9 (Essay) Horizontal analysis (trend analysis) percentages for Spartan Companys sales, cost of goods sold, and expenses are listed here.

Horizontal Analysis	2012	2011	2010
Sales	96.2	%	104.8	%	100.0	%
Cost of goods sold	101.0	98.0	100.0
Expenses	105.6	95.4	100.0

Explain whether Spartans net income increased, decreased, or remained unchanged over the 3-year period.

Brief Exercise 13-8 (Essay) Vertical analysis (common-size) percentages for Vallejo Companys sales, cost of goods sold, and expenses are listed here.

Vertical Analysis	2012	2011	2010
Sales	100	%	100	%	100	%
Cost of goods sold	60.3	64.2	66.3
Expenses	24.5		26.5		29.2

Did Vallejos net income as a percent of sales increase, decrease, or remain unchanged over the 3-year period? Provide numerical support for your