c$)$An individual after reading the Heifetz article $$surface cultural norms and forces$$ the individual can conclude that the article highlights the key cultural elements that influence organizational life. Plus, the individual works as a medical administrator at a small optometry practice that includes $2$ eye doctors and two medical administrators including the individual, the individual needs to answer questions $1$ and two thoroughly and succinctly and provide examples to justify the individual$$s way of thinking. $1)$ the individual needs to step back and think about their organization, pre$-$pandemic, identify an artifact, ritual, or other significant aspect of their organizational culture that characterized their organization.$$

$2)$The individual needs to answer in what was it like to work at the practice pre$-$pandemic, and what is it like to work there now?