Question: (c) In order to avoid excessively high stress in the pipeline during valve closure, it is proposed that the time to fully close the valve

(c) In order to avoid excessively high stress in the pipeline during valve closure, it is proposed that the time to fully close the valve is not shorter than 15 s. Is this a safe closure time given that the maximum allowable hoop stress in the pipe is 110 MPa? Use a steady discharge of 15 m³ /s if you were not successful with part (a). (Aide mem: hoop stress, σ_H= pd/2t , where p,d,t are pipe pressure, diameter and wall thickness respectively.)

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