Calculate the changes in entropy $(\frac{J}{K})$ in the system, the surroundings, and the universe

when $4$ mols of an ideal gas starting at $32C$ triples its volume in

a$.$ An isothermal reversible expansion

b$.$ An isothermal, adiabatic irreversible expansion, and

c$.$ An adiabatic reversible expansion

The temperature$-$independent heat capacities of the gas are $C_V=27\mathrm{.}4\frac{J}{m}$olK and $C_P=35\mathrm{.}8$

$\frac{J}{m}$olK.

d$.$ is this a monatomic, diatomic, or other type of ideal gas?

How can you tell? Could you do this process backward $($ie$,$ instead of expanded, the gas

is instead compressed?$)$