can we expand on the below : Since P(T) is a periodic matrix, it is equal to P(0), so we can write: (T) = P(0)e^(TJ) The eigenvalues of (T) are the same as the eigenvalues of e^(TJ), which are e^(T), where are the eigenvalues of J. But the eigenvalues of J are the Floquet exponents (1, 2, ..., n), so the eigenvalues of (T), which are the multipliers (1, 2, ..., n), are given by: 1 = e^(1T) 2 = e^(2T) ... n = e^(nT) This proves the relationship between the Floquet exponents and the multipliers