Can you please answer the below two questions given

CASE STUDY 2.1 Life Straw: Vestergaard-Frandsen transforms dirty water into clean drinking water More than one billion people in the world do not have access to safe drinking water - i.e. around one-sixth of the world's population. The average distance that women in Africa and Asia walk to 1986 to eradicate guinea worm disease (GWD) in Africa and Asia. The most effective way to prevent this disease is to filter drinking water, so the tiny water fleas are not ingested to begin the life cycle of GWD starts. The LifeStraw has played a substantial role in the prevention of this disease, and many other bacterial and viral infections caused by a lack of safe drinking water in many developing countries. collect water is 6 km. The lack of safe drinking water Creating products to save people's lives in the developing world is the mission of a company - Vestergaard-Frandsen (VF) - www.vestergaard- frandsen.com - based in Lausanne, Switzerland. The 'Profit for a purpose' approach has turned humani- tarian responsibility into VFs core business. The company is offering complex emergency response and disease-control products. (185 gallons) of wasoma in two forms: one is for 150 employees is on what the CEO Mikkel Vestergaard Frandsen calls 'humanitarian entre- preneurship. Originally a textile company that began in Denmark in 1957, they now develop innovative prod- ucts that prevent the transmission of water-borne and insect-borne diseases in developing countries. For water-borne diseases VF has its LifeStraw - see below for a description. For insect-borne diseases VF is one of the world's leading producers of bed nets impregnated with insecticide. The purpose is to prevent malaria, caused by the blood- sucking bites of mosquitoes. Besides mosquito intensive areas, this product is used in refugee camps and disaster areas all over the world. Vestergard Frandsen, which is family-owned, does not disclose financial data, but over the years it has sold 165 million mosquito nets, and the company makes a profit. The concept for the LifeStraw began with the work of the Carter Center, founded by Jimmy and Rosalynn Carter. It has been their mission since The Life Straw product The LifeStraw is a portable water purifier that is easy to use, has no replaceable parts, and needs no elec- trical power or batteries to work. This lightweight filter removes 99.999 per cent of waterborne eria, 99.99 per cent of water-borne viruses and removes particles down to 15 microns in size. This small water purifier will filter a minimum of 700 litres water! The LifeStraw comes personal use and the other for the household. personal LifeStraw is portable and looks very much like an ordinary straw. It hangs around the neck, and you can drink water from any source without getting sick. It eliminates 99.999 per cent of all bacteria, and it functions, really, as a water treat- ment plant in a straw. The household version of the straw is for a family of up to six people and lasts more than three years. It's simple to use. It hangs from a wall, you pour dirty water into the top, it filters down through a hollow fibre and comes out clean. The process quick, and both above The Water in drinking form is becoming scarcer in cer- tain places, and its availability is a major social and economic concern. Currently, about a billion people around the world routinely drink unhealthy water. About 99.7 per cent of the earth's water is contained in undrinkable forms such as oceans, underground, ice caps and glaciers. Due to increased contamination and pollution and below the ground, the condition of the remain- ing 0.3 per cent is now questionable with many countries finding it increasingly difficult to source nacceptable Throughout history clashes between and within countries have occurred over water and its supply. Many people believe that in the future conflicts and even wars will be waged over water supplies; particu- larly as uncontaminated water becomes increasingly VESTERGAARD FRANDSEN drinkable water that is of an DISEASE CONTROL TEXTILES quality Vestergaard-Frandsen. Vestergaard Frandsen began life 50 years ago in Denmark as a modest manufacturer of hotel and restaurant uniforms. Today headquarters are in Lausanne, Switzerland, and the sole focus of the scarce. Vestergaard-Frandon How does the LifeStraw function? you can drink the water right away: there's no need store it for a long period. Five million people die each year (mainly children) from water-borne diseases. The World Health Organiza tion (WHO) estimates that safe water could prevent 1.4 million child deaths from diarrhoea each year. A product as simple and inexpen- sive as the LifeStraw could change these numbers and do it right at the point of consumption. The cost for a personal LifeStraw is about $3: the fam- ily size LifeStraw is about $15 and can be used up to two years in the home. What first meets the water when sucked up is a The best way for people (end-users) in these risky pre-filter of PE filter textile with a mesh opening of areas to get a LifeStraw is through a charitable 100 microns, shortly followed by a second textile organization, which are funding and sometimes also filter in polyester with a mesh opening of 15 microns. buying the products. The NGOs then take the In this way all big articles are filtered out, even clus product to the rural households where the poorest ters of bacteria are removed. Then the water is led people live. into a chamber of iodine impregnated beads, where bacteria, viruses and parasites are killed. The second QUESTIONS chamber is a void space, where the iodine being 1. In McNeil (2009) Kevin Starace states: washed off the beads can maintain their killing effect The last chamber consists of granulated active carbon, "Vestergaard is just different from other com- panies we work with. They think of end whose role is to remove most of the bad smell of users as a consumer rather as a patient or a iodine and those parasites that have not been taken victim! What can be the meaning behind this by the pre-filter or killed by the iodine. The biggest statement? parasites will be taken by the pre-filter, the weakest 2. Which factors are most critical in the further killed by the iodine, and the medium range parasites will be picked up by the active carbon. internationalization process of Vestergaard Frandsen? Customers and distribution of Life Straw Children drinking water from the LifeStraw in India