Carl and Rob are both engaged in road construction work. They know that several jobs are going to be up for public bids, and agree between themselves that Carl will bid on one job and Rob will bid on the other, so that they both have work for the summer. When the bids are opened, Carl realizes that Rob has bid on both jobs. Rob is awarded both contracts. If Carl now wants to sue Rob for breach of contract:

a$.$ Carl would probably win on the basis of promissory estoppel since he has detrimentally relied upon Rob's representation that he would not bid.

b$.$ the agreement is in violation of public policy and will not be enforced by the courts.

c$.$ the court will likely award Carl damages since Carl is less at fault than Rob.

d$.$ the agreement obstructs the administration of justice and will not be enforced by the courts.