Case $12\mathrm{.}1$

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Harvey is considering implementing team$-$building management in his company. He wants to start with teams that work on the production line. He wants groups of five to fifteen people, responsible for one clearly defined product, and he wants them to be individually accountable for the work of the team as a whole. Harvey believes that effective teams permit free expression of feelings as well as ideas, have members who listen to each other, and have well$-$understood tasks and objectives.

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Cynthia is a first$-$line supervisor in Harvey's company. She values her people and their productivity relatively equally. She seeks to be proactive in her management and works hard at rewarding the contribution of ideas and recognizing accomplishments. Her fellow manager William, in contrast, is far more task$-$oriented and is more concerned with production than with his people. To William, employees are instruments of production.$$

Refer to Case $12\mathrm{.}1.$ The types of teams Harvey is seeking to implement are$$

$$self$-$managed teams.

$$cross$-$functional teams.

$$problem$-$solving teams.

$$special$-$project teams.