Case Problem Analysis: Cyber Crime

Ali Butler developed several software programs that generated cyberattacks. His programs were used to disrupt services of major companies like Google and Skype. He created programs that retrieved usernames and passwords, bank information, and other data. He also set up a "deep web" business $-$ where internet search engines could not find it $-$ to sell his programs to other potential hackers. He used a legitimate business to account for profits from his illegal business so that the government could not trace the money to the illegal activity. Did Butler commit a crime, and does he have any defense?