Case study 2: MARS "When people get a job at Mars, Incorporated, one of the largest and most successful private companies in the world, they rarely leave. Mars has been on Fortune's The Best Companies to Work For list since 2013. It was ranked 95th in 2013, 76th in 2014, 85th in 2015, and 99th in2016. Further, the company also features on "Best Workplaces to Retire From (ranked 24). "Best Workplaces in Manufacturing & production (ranked 14), 'Best Workplaces for Millennials (ranked 63), and "World's Best Multinational Workplaces (ranked 12) lists in 2016. Mars, maker of confectionery such as M&Ms and Snickers and pet food such as Pedigree and Whiskas, is a private, family-owned business with more than US$35billion in sales. At Mars, 89 per cent of employees say their workplace is great-ranking very high on challenges, atmosphere, rewards, pride, communication, and bosses. Perks and programs include: The Mars Volunteer Program (MVP), a worldwide initiative that allows Mars's employees (who the company refers to as 'associates') to make a difference in the communities where the company operates and sources their products The Mars Ambassador Program (MAP), which helps qualified employees develop their skills while building partnerships around the world The Make The Difference program and Awards, which celebrates the impact the work of an individual or team can make on an entire organisation, and Mars communities by bring The Five Principles of Mars to life Open offices which create an environment that encourages networking, openness, and communication that spans physical and organisational barriers The Pets @ Work initiative, which allows employees to bring their pets to work Health and wellness programs, which aim to find the right work-life balance as well as fostering a healthy and safe environment, including stress management, weight management and other wellness programs. Managers in other companies are discovering that creating an environment where people feel valued and that they are making an important contribution is one key to high employee motivation, which is an essential ingredient for organisational success. Most people begin a new job with energy and enthusiasm, but employees can lose their drive if managers fail in their role as motivators. Yet motivation is a challenge for many managers because motivation arises from within employees and may differ for each person. Some people are motivated primarily by money, others are motivated to perform well because managers make them feel appreciated for doing a good job, and still others find their primary motivation in the challenge of solving complex problems or making a contribution to society". Question 2-worth 15 marks: Explain the Hackman and Oldham Job characteristics model (week 9), and from the Mars case study above, identify relevant factors that may align with the Job characteristics model (specifically the Core Job Dimensions and Critical Psychological states). Source: Samson. D. Donnet. T. & Daft. R. L. (2021) pp. 658-660. Management (7th Asia Pacific Ed.) Cengage Leaming Australia Pty Limited