CASE STUDY: Keeping Apple's iPhone Competitive The past several years have seen an increase in smartphone ownership by cellphone users. In its infancy, the smartphone was produced by only a few companies, such as RIM's Blackberry and Motorola. However, the market is now crowded. Still, Apple's introduction of the iPhone changed the industry. The purpose of a smartphone has shifted from e-mail and business to apps and functionality. The cellphone industry must be in tune with the customer. Apple attempts to incorporate popular features in its designs. The iPhone includes the Apple staples of app capability and interfacing with other Apple products. The iPhone is operated using a touchscreen and plays music and video. Like other smartphones, the iPhone can manage e-mail accounts and thousands of apps. With a new generation introduction, customers expect improvements to the features, including front and back cameras for video conferences. Including dual cameras in the design required Apple to create new software for video conferencing. Camera quality in phones is improving as people rely on them more than handhelds. Knowing that quality is important to some customers, a reviewer of the iPhone commented, "It isn't the best cellphone camera l've tested, but it is a big improvement." This is an example of the trade-offs that may occur in product design. With so man features to incorporate, it may not be possible for a company to have the best for eac A company must decide which areas to focus on in the design. The iPhone has address ther areas of cellphone design. pple claims that the iPhone is the world's thinnest smartphone and sports the w ghest-resolution smartphone screen. The high-resolution screen helps compens Iality Management 2 its smallish screen. Battery life is a concern for all cellphone designs, and Apple has increased talk-time battery life. New multitasking software manages apps to reduce battery drain. The iPhone incorporates some features over which Apple has limited control. Facebook, Twitter, and Pandora are popular apps among customers. Incorporating these features requires limiting battery consumption, but allows for frequent updates. Some users want to be constantly connected to their social networks. Apple's multitasking feature addresses some of these issues but may still disappoint some users. Discussion questions: Question 3 3.1 The case discusses the issues of trade-offs in design. What are some smartphone trade-offs? Why are these important to consider in design? (15 marks) 3.2 How should Apple use the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) to evaluate the effectiveness of the products and process? (15 marks) 3.3 How should Apple evaluate the "quality" of its iPhone? (10 marks)