CAT: $17$ th July, $2024$

$($a$)$ With the aid of a sketch, explain the installation of a Parshall flume.

$(7$Marks$)$

$-($b$))$ A rectangular channel $3$ m wide discharges $225$ litres $\frac{?}{\text{m}\text{i}\text{n}}.$ Plot a specific energy curve and state the type of flow

when;

$($i$)$ Depth of flow is $0\mathrm{.}75m$

$($ii$)$ Depth of flow is $2\mathrm{.}7$ m

$($iii$)$ Determine their corresponding specific energies and the bed slope required to maintain these depths of flow

Take Manning's $n=0\mathrm{.}013$

$($I$3$Marks$)$

plot the specific energy curve in a graph paper? Assignment:

Explain scaling laws, laws of similitude and their applications:

Newton's number & Newton's law

Reynold's number & Reynold's law in pipes, flow meters fans pumps and turbines

Fraude's number & Fraude's law $-$

Euler's number & Euler's law $-$ pressure distribution on sea walls, fan blades, air foil sections

Weber Number & Weber law$-$ small jets,droplet formation capillary waves.

Mach Number $-$ unsteady flow, water hammer, aerodynamic testing$-$ supersonic flights, missiles

Cauchy number