1. A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein functions as a A) ligand B)...

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1. A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein functions as a A) ligand B) second messenger C) protein kinase D) receptor protein phosphatase 2. Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it? A) CAMP B) G protein C) phosphodiesterase D) protein kinase phosphatase 3. Many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to A) transport a signal through the lipid bilayer portion of the plasma membrane. B) relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell. C) relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm. D)amplify the message by phosphorylating proteins. E) dampen the message once the signal molecule has left the receptor. 4. Signal amplification is most often achieved by A) the binding of multiple signal molecules. B) an enzyme cascade involving multiple protein kinases. C) branching pathways that produce multiple cellular responses. D) activation transcription factors that affect gene expression. E) the action of adenylyl cyclase in converting ATP to ADP. 5. A(n) E) protein E) protein is an example of a signal molecule that can bind to an intracellular receptor and cause a gene to be turned on or off. A) ion B) protein C) carbohydrate D) nucleic acid E) steroid 6. Which of the following provides the best evidence that cell-signaling pathways evolved early in the history of life? A) Signal transduction molecules found in distantly related organisms are similar. B) They are seen in "primitive" cells such as yeast. C) Yeast cells signal each other for mating. D) Signals can be sent long distances by cells. E) Most signals are received by cell surface receptors. 1. A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein functions as a A) ligand B) second messenger C) protein kinase D) receptor protein phosphatase 2. Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it? A) CAMP B) G protein C) phosphodiesterase D) protein kinase phosphatase 3. Many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to A) transport a signal through the lipid bilayer portion of the plasma membrane. B) relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell. C) relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm. D)amplify the message by phosphorylating proteins. E) dampen the message once the signal molecule has left the receptor. 4. Signal amplification is most often achieved by A) the binding of multiple signal molecules. B) an enzyme cascade involving multiple protein kinases. C) branching pathways that produce multiple cellular responses. D) activation transcription factors that affect gene expression. E) the action of adenylyl cyclase in converting ATP to ADP. 5. A(n) E) protein E) protein is an example of a signal molecule that can bind to an intracellular receptor and cause a gene to be turned on or off. A) ion B) protein C) carbohydrate D) nucleic acid E) steroid 6. Which of the following provides the best evidence that cell-signaling pathways evolved early in the history of life? A) Signal transduction molecules found in distantly related organisms are similar. B) They are seen in "primitive" cells such as yeast. C) Yeast cells signal each other for mating. D) Signals can be sent long distances by cells. E) Most signals are received by cell surface receptors.

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QUESTION 1A signal molecule that binds to a plasmamembrane protein is a receptor protein Receptors a... View the full answer