Charging for resources un multiprogramming syslems can be complex a. In a dedicated system, the user normally charged for the entire system Suppose that in a multiprogramming system. Suppose that in a multiprogramming system only one user is currently on the system Should the user be charged for the entire system? b Mutiprogramming operating systems generally consume substantial system resources, as they manage multiple-user environinenis Should users pay for this overhead, or should it be "absorbed" by the operating systemi? i. Most people agree that charges for computer system usage should be fair but fow can define precisoly what "fairness" is. Ancther attibufe: of charging schernes, but one which is easier to define, is predictability. We want to know that if a ob costs a certain amount to rur once charge by wall clock time, ie. the total real time involved in runniing the job from stant to completion Would fuch a scheme yieid prefictatile. charges? Why