Explain the following facts indicating what each value of means and outline the necessary mechanisms. a)

Explain the following facts indicating what each value of ρ means and outline the necessary mechanisms.

a) The ionization of substituted benzoic acids in water has by definition a value of ρ = 1. However, when measured in 40% aqueous-ethanol ρ = 1.7.

b) The value of ρ for the nucleophilic substitution of benzyl chlorides with various substituents on the aromatic ring and carried out in water with hydroxide is -0.3, while with iodide in acetone it is 0.8. Explain the difference in the value of ρ.

c) Why is the value of ???? of the -OH group (+) when it is in the meta position on the benzene ring and (-) when it is in the para position?

d) Alkaline hydrolysis of ring-substituted methyl benzoates has a ρ =2.2

e) The reaction of anilines substituted on the aromatic ring with benzoyl chloride in benzene at 25°C has ρ=2.8. Could you predict what would be the effect of the polarity of the solvent on ρ.
 
 
 

Transcribed Image Text:

benzyl chloride benzyl chloride OH H₂O T acetona www. OH + CI p = -0.3 + CI p = 0.8 benzyl chloride benzyl chloride OH H₂O T acetona www. OH + CI p = -0.3 + CI p = 0.8

Answer rating: 100% (QA)

explanation a First represents the ionization constant of the substituted benzoic acid for our case ... View the full answer