: Chloe concluded that there were differences in achievement goals between those who had completed a ropes course and those who did not complete the course. However, there were no true differences between groups. The ropes course had no significant effect on achievement goals.

(3 points) In this scenario, Chloe's conclusion represents a

Type I error.

Type II error.

Type III error.

Type IV error.

(3 points) To determine if there were significant differences between groups, Chloe would have conducted which of the following analyses?

Chi Square

Pearson r

t-test

ANOVA

For Q. 13 through Q. 16: In her study of student athletes' achievement motivation, Katie administers a self-report achievement motivation scale before she starts a new motivation enhancement intervention. After the intervention, Katie again assesses students' achievement motivation. She set her alpha at p=.05, and reports that there were no significant findings in her study.

(3 points) Which of the following best represents the design of Katie's study?

Experimental

Cross-sectional

Correlational

Pre-experimental

(3 points) Which statistical analysis was appropriate for Katie to use to determine if there were treatment differences in her study?

Pearson r

ANOVA

Spearman rho

t-test

(3 points) Katie questions whether there are significant differences in her study but her significance level is unable to detect these differences. What type of error is Katie most concerned that she is committing?

Type I

Type II

Type III

Type IV

(3 points) From the following options, how would you advise Katie regarding her analyses?

Change your probability level to p=.001.

Evaluate and conduct the study with a new sample.

Reanalyze with a two-tailed analyses.

Use a nonparametric significance test.