Choose the INCORRECT statement: Following must be considered when examining a precedent before it can be applied to a case:

Select one:

a$.$ the precedent must be a proposition of law

b$.$ the precedent must form part of the obiter dicta of the case

c$.$ the material facts of each case must be the same

d$.$ the preceding court must have had a superior status, to the later court, such that its decisions are binding on the later court